Assessing an organisational structure and its financial impact - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2302 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? A well developed and appropriately connected structure is an important need for the objectives of organization. It provides fundamental features without which an organization cannot operate. An organizational operation could include decision making to their communication across the boards. These particular functions need to be well managed and operate in order for an organization to be successful. STRUCTURE OF HBL At present the Bank operates through one central and 23 Regional Offices and 1439 branches, all over Pakistan. The president and Executives Committee look after the affairs of the Bank. Each Regional Head Quarter is headed by a Chief Executive and assisted by General Manager Operations and General Manager Support Services. The Regional Head Quarter controls the branches in their area. Overseas operations consist of 65 main branches, two affiliates, two representative offices and two subsidiaries. President, from Head Office at Karachi controls the officers of the Bank with the help of the senior management. Functional responsibilities of the Banks are broken into seven groups known as International Operations Group Corporate Banking and Treasury Investment Group Retail Banking and Operation Group Finance, Audit and Administration Group Assets Remedial Management Group Credit Policy Group Corporate Bank, Financial Institutions and Project Finance Group In addition to the overall controlling authority, president also manages the International Operations Group individually. While the Senior Executive Vice Presidents supervise rest of the functional groups. Each Senior Executive Vice President is individually responsible for the group which is assigned to him. At the level of provinces there are Regional Head Quarters headed by Regional Chief Executives (RCE). Each RCE is assisted by GM operations and GM Support Services. Branches are also controlled by the RCEs. Circle Offices of the past times have been removed to reduce Managerial Layers, which were working under the control of Zonal Offices. This happened as a result of policy of beginning new changes in the organizational structure. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Assessing an organisational structure and its financial impact" essay for you Create order 2.1.6.2 Organizational Chart of HBL A chart defines the line of authority in an organization and its departmentation. It is a sort of visual presentation of the organizational structure. It specifies the duties and responsibilities of the personnel of the organization. The Organizational chart of HBL is given below. Chairman President Board of Directors SEVP International Operations SEVP Corporate Banking Treasury SEVP Retail Banking Information Technology SEVP Finance, Audit Administration SEVP Asset Remedial Management SEVP Credit Policy SEVP Corporate Banking, financial institute Project Finance 4.1 SWOT ANALYSIS OF HBL HBL is considered to be a very sound bank in the financial circles. The bank where the customers can safely keep their money as long as they want. In SWOT analysis the best strategies accomplish in organizations mission by: 1. Exploiting opportunities and strengths. Neutralizing its threats and Avoiding its weaknesses. Following is a list of SWOT of HBL 4.1.1 Strengths A skill or capability that enables HBL to conceive and implement its strategies. The officers of HBL are considered as one of the most able professionals in the banking world. I observed that HBL employees interact with their clients as if they are their personal friends and discuss about their problems as their own. HBL has got a reliable and easy to use internal computer system. Every information regarding the transactions in customers deposits has been computerized. HBL maintained its data properly. HBL has very good security system. HBL is the larger commercial bank in Pakistan with the network of over 1439 domestic and international branches. Being the pioneer of banking in Pakistan, HBL is the oldest and is the richest in experience. HBL focuses on consumer banking by lucrative schemes, products and services suiting best to the wants and demands of the customers. HBL has opened all its branches at commercial areas so that the customers or clients fa ce no problems in reaching to the bank. The band is always on the look to improve its services both to the domestic as well as overseas customers. Human resources development and introduction of new technology towards modern banking. 24 hours cash access and safe payment products for high value transaction. Having potential to encounter the competitive environment in the market. Veteran and experience private management group also involved in other interests like, textile and cement industry. Customer enjoys the services at the residential localities. 4.1.2 Weaknesses Highest number of branches effecting the proper maintenance and difficulty in providing same working environment at the each branch Poorer system of recovery of the system is a threat to bankruptcy. Lack of customer feed back. Low job satisfaction. Poor ATMs Service Inconsistency in efficiency and working atmosphere due to the largest of branches. Sense of insecurity in the employees serving at low profitable branches due to the down sizing. Females feel uneasy in an environment among the male workers. Victim of political, legal and socio-cultural pressures .Lack of professionalism in the branch employees mostly. 4.1.3 Opportunities Huge untapped market potential in consumer banking In opportunity exist, in form of opening of ladies banking section within the branch which is entirely a new idea and it will attract customer. Opportunity for developing value added services combined with corporate banking relationships, cash management services to large and medium sized corporate clients. Growing policies of government on business and commerce sector provide HBL opportunities to take advantages of these policies to meet efficiently with the business people to solve their problems with the instant cash and financing facilities. Govt. is taking very bold steps to promote IT in Pakistan. HBL has an opportunity to improve in technology. Large international network which principally focuses on trade finance with Pakistan can be utilized to tap trade activities in other markets. In addition, services such as cross border / offshore financing for corporate customers can be enhanced. Customer feedback o n different products and accounts has really improved the bank performance and encourage the atmosphere for other future policies. HBL also has an opportunity to expand its new technological advancement like; tele banking and internet banking facilities in order to serve the customer more efficiently, specially E-banking facility is also a new opportunity which is a flourishing business in foreign countries and can also be here, if HBL takes the initiatives. Further reduction in intermediation costs possible, with improving technology. Due to efficient and veteran management group, HBL can also improve Ill and expand its foreign operation successfully. Habib Bank Limited provide opportunity to utilize its skills and efficiencies in leasing business. 4.1.4 Threats An area in the environment that increases the difficulties the organizations achieving high performance. Consolidation in the banking sector resulting in increased competition. Shortage of trained and specialized staff at lower executive and officer levels The threat of inconsistency and government policy regarding to business and economics sectors, specially political and regional situation which makes the environment uncertain. Growing global technological advancement. Strict regulation by government over credit facilities to the customers as Ill as to meet the prudential. Loss of confidence of overseas customers due to freezing of accounts. Facing more competition by foreign banks in the market. Foreign banks are flourishing in field of consumer financing. Also the increasing operation of private banks. Highly attractive and advance services by foreign banks to their customers. Political forces; The events in the last couple of years; the bomb blast of May 28th 1998 and the subsequent freezing of the FCAs, the declaration thatRiba is Un-Islamic, and a volatile political scenario that saw the overthrow of the Nawaz Sharifregime, all contributed in highlighting the important role of government in the local economy. The freezing of the FCAs destroyed the confidence of foreign depositors. Also, the declaration thatRiba is against theSharia, is likely to cause tremendous uncertainty in the banking sector. After this Pakistans army totally holds on the government and push back the economy. Stability under the new regime is also very important for the economy as a whole. Continuous political changes have disrupted the policies and objectives as each regime brings with it its own agenda. Organizations need time to adjust to one regime and then work with it towards economic enhancement. Due the wrong policies of the government the extremism also develop in Pakistan and become the international issue in Pakistan and badly affected the Pakistan repute in the world and promote the uncertain conditions for the business in the Pakistan. Due to this the investors are not interested in the Pakistan. Economic Forces The Pakistan economy is more controlled economy, then one where market forces reign supreme. Several key institutions are stated owned. Thus a discussion of the economic forces that influence the private organization such as Habib Bank cannot ignore the substantial role played by the government in determining the state of the economy. The biggest indicator of the heavy role enjoyed by the government was evidence when foreign currency accounts (FCAs) were frozen on the orders of the ministry of finance in the wake of explosion tests on may 31st 1998. This and the recent efforts by the state bank to artificially lower the interest rates by revising the repo rates downwards and encouraging lower bids for T-Bill, highlights the overwhelming role of the government in the economy. Badla rates are a t rue indication of market rates at which financial intuitions are willing to lend but the government, under the dictates of the IMF wants to artificially lower the interest rates so as to provide investment liquidity within the economy. General Musharaf period of government putt back the economy of the Pakistan due to the wrong policies of the government for the economic growth in the Pakistan. Pakistan economy destroyed badly in that 10 to 11 years of the government, and investors hesitated to invest in the Pakistan, and also the load shading is another factor that effect the Pakistan economy badly. This not the end of the story after this Pakistan economy face lot of problems like bomb attacks in Pakistan no electricity and the unstable government, due to this the investor are not invest in the Pakistan and the existing business men finish their business unit due to the loss. Social forces: A low saving culture has offset the huge population advantage this is enjoyed by Pakistan. Also culture is dedicated by the religion, and in Pakistan a significant segment of the population is loath to accept interest for their deposits due to the negative religious implications of such an act. About 70% of Pakistans population is based on rural areas, thus making it harder for banks to mobilize their deposits within these regions. ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€¦Ã‚ ¾Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢Habib group also started a school system in Karachi for the cherty purpose. ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€¦Ã‚ ¾Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢They give the funds to the poor person on the daily basis Technological forces: Banks in the developed world have been turning to heavy IT investments, which differentiate their products, provide response times, enhance accessibility and improve customer satisfaction. Though investing in state-of-the-art host banking solution (Fiserv, Kapiti, etc) , ATM and POS ( point of sale) networks, visa, MasterCard, and Amex switches, smart cards, telebanking and now internet banking are common IT investment in the developed world, it is now that these products and services are gaining faster acceptance in Pakistan. Habib Bank change their technology in IT sector due to the requirements of the current time, before this they have the poor technology of the IT and un less skilled person in that field but at this time they replace it with the heavy installation of the IT instruments. They hired new skill employed and trained them for the efficient and effective work. The model of the five competitive forces was developed by Michael E. Porter in his book Competitive strategy: Techniques for Analyzing Industries and Competitors in 1980 Porters model is based on the insight that a corporate strategy should meet the opportunities and threats in the organizations external environment Competing firms; Habib Bank limited is facing a strong competition from other private Pakistani banks like Metropolitan bank. Soneri bank and Askari Commercial bank. The improved per formance of the nationalized commercial banks (NCBs) is also the threat for the bank Al Habib. Foreign banks are also competing with the bank for same small medium sized companies. The bank is overcoming the incentive competition due to its strong reputation as a renowned financial group in Pakistan and a long history of experience in the banking sector. VI. Potential entry of new competitors; The entry barriers in this market are high. The new banks need permission from SBP so entry of new banks is restricted. Also the paid up capital requirement is likely to be raised from Rs.500 million to Rs.1 billion. VII.Development of substitute products; The non banking financial institutions including development finance institutions (DFIs), private sector investment banks (PSIBs), leasing corporations (LCs) and Modarbas are almost in the same line of business and can be treated to the bank. Other substitutes that compete include the national saving certificates, the stock ma rket, its supporting industry and brokerage houses. VIII.Bargaining power of suppliers; The main suppliers in the banking sectors are depositors. Although the bank is given higher return then any other bank (12% per annum) to attract the depositors but the low innovation in the product and also low investment in the marketing sector of the bank may provide difficulties in coming years. The regulatory bodies could also be the suppliers as they provide guidelines to the bank from time to time. These include the State Bank of Pakistan (SBP), The Corporate Law Authority (CLA), The Ministry of Finance and the religious board. IX. Bargaining power of customers; The main customers are small traders and exporters based in Karachi and Lahore, majority of whom deal in textile related commodities. Since the bank is targeting the short-term trade finance market, the bargaining power of customer is substantial as other banks within the same sector like Bank Al Falah and Metropo litan are fast catching up with the Bank Al Habib in providing services to the traders.

The Completion Of My Degree Program At Northeastern State...

At the completion of my degree program at Northeastern State University, commencement exercises were rapidly approaching. As most of my classmates and friends were filled with excitement, I was experiencing mixed emotions, most of all fear of the unknown as to where I would end up. To be completely honest, I was fearful of leaving Tahlequah and Northeastern State simply due to so many unknown variables as to what steps I would take next in my life. I dreaded the fact that I was leaving Tahlequah, as it was a place that helped me to grown intellectually, emotionally, and physically. The influence of Dr. Kent Lashley had motivated me to become more scholarly and instilled a desire of life-long learning. Emotionally, I was forced to grow, mature, and problem solve without having my parents there to coach me, and as a result of that, I gained confidence and independence in my ability to make it as a young adult. Physically, I grew and learned the importance of proper nutrition, became an avid runner, and earned my 3rd degree black belt before graduating from college. The fear within me was simply not knowing where I would end up teaching with my first job. I had not applied too many places in Oklahoma before my graduation date as I had placed all of my eggs in one basket. I had relied on a young lady that I thought would spend the rest of my life with and was headed to Florida to fulfill a lifelong goal. 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Social Institutions†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 1. Historical†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦5 2. Geographical†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 7 3. Demographical†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 8 4. Political†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 10 5. 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The Benefits of Complementary and Alternative Medicine Essay

In today’s world, many people assume that the latest medical technology and treatments are always the best option. However, all over the world, different techniques for curing diseases and aliments are being used. These methods fall under the category of complementary and alternative medicine. According to Sandra Augustyn Lawton in Complementary and Alternative Medicine for Teens, complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) can be defined as â€Å"a group of diverse medical and health care systems, practices, and products that are not presently considered to be part of conventional medicine† (Lawton, 2007, p.3). Although complementary and alternative medicines are often interpreted as the same thing, complementary methods are used in†¦show more content†¦Herbs and minerals are some of the oldest medical treatments in the world, with some of the earliest remnants dating back to the ice age (â€Å"National Center†, 2011, para.7). By taking vitamins or eating a yogurt fortified with probiotics, a person is using complementary and alternative medicine. Movement therapies use physical motions to connect physical and spiritual health with the body. Some of the most common movement therapies include the Feldenkrais method, Pilates, Alexander technique, and Rolfing Structural Integration (â€Å"National Center†, 2011, para ). The Alexander technique is a method that alters everyday movement habits to improve one’s balance, coordination, and support (â€Å"What is the Alexander†, 2011, para.1). â€Å"Rolfing Structural Integration is a body-based practice that uses deep tissue facial manipulation and movement education. The goal is to encourage health and relieve stress by bringing the body into proper alignment with gravity† (Rolf Institute, 2011, para. ). Pilates is a common exercise system that moves the body in gentle but challenging ways, so as to improve posture, flexibility, and the body’s range of motion (â€Å"Pilates†, 2011, para.1). There are also many diets that are considered to be forms of complementary and alternative medicine. These include vegetarian diets, vegan diets, and macrobiotic diets. These diets have many benefits besides profiting one’sShow MoreRelatedCAM Therapeutic Modalities Essay1346 Words   |  6 PagesSurvey of Alternative Medicine November17, 2014 Kay Ach CAM Therapeutic Modalities In the pursuit of health and well-being, many Americans along with the world, have used Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) over the past decade. 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An Analysis Of David L. Snead s An American Soldier

An American Soldier in World War I, edited by David L. Snead is a collection of letters written by a World War I soldier, George Browne, to his girlfriend, Martha. Professor David L. Snead was given these letters by one of his students in the 1990s . In this book, Professor Snead wanted to focus on the life of a Soldier in World War I and George’s letter describing the events first hand is a great way to help readers understand the hardships. The thesis here in this book gives a solid but brief description of what this book is about, â€Å"Browne’s letters offer a view of the experiences of an American Soldier, and He describes the difficulties of training, transit to and within France, the dangers and excitement of combat, and the war’s impact on relationships.† He also gives the personnel strain the war had on their relationship. As an American Soldier myself, this book gave me great appreciation for the military lifestyle in this generation. This book consisted of six descriptive chapters; the first 2 chapters consisted of what Corporal George Browne went through what I believe as the typical soldier experience through the initial process and becoming an American soldier. After embarking the Initial Military training, Browne was then shipped off two days later to France. His voyage across the seas, to problems with some of the engineers and their equipment were just few of the problems they faced due to the lack of technology. During the takeoff of World War I,

The Utility Of Myth Plato s Metaphysics - 1624 Words

The Utility of Myth in Plato’s Metaphysics ï » ¿Plato speaking from the mouth of Socrates in Phaedo, tells us, â€Å"people are likely not to be aware that those who pursue philosophy aright study nothing but dying and being dead.† (61a) As a philosopher Plato sought to offer not only descriptions of the world him around, but prescriptions as well. The above quote when understood metaphorically, for him, shows the aim of philosophy, and goal of the philosopher is and should be to scratch at the surface of our faculties. To do this, Plato believes we must let our ability to reason override our baser, desires, so as to reach our maximum potential to the benefit of ourselves and the those who come after. Plato s conception of psychology—â€Å"from Greek†¦show more content†¦His doctrine of the immortality of the soul, are tied to myths found throughout his Dialogues and coalesces with his theories of eternal/absolute forms, and mind-body dualism. Though they are asunder, they should be considered part a nd parcel of the same argument—to have a good life, and its opposite—death, calls for a harmony between our lowly and high desires, and as with his placement of myth at the end of his Dialogues, rather than the beginning—with our logos first and foremost at the helm. This reversal of the myth--reason, to reason--myth, sequential chain, can be argued to not just be a stylistic, or arburity choice; taking into account the consistency of placement, one can reasonably infer, Plato’s views were in many ways diametrically opposed to the plethora of expressions found among the masses. As an aristocrat, Plato was afforded the leisure needed to properly philosophize, and by chance, and virtue, his dialogues have survived to act as a foundation, for much western thought and religion to build on. The speculated life of Plato, much like his work, is rife with mystery and myth. We are given almost all secondary accounts of his life, sometimes more than a hundred years after the fact. Indeed, the specifics of Plato’s life are a matter of much debate with countless books penned on the subject. We can however, adopting a postmodernist stance (admitting much of the details are inference, ratherShow MoreRelated Plato on Education as the Development of Reason Essay3512 Words   |  15 PagesPlato on Education as the Development of Reason ABSTRACT: Socrates great educational innovation was in ascribing moral worth to the intellectual activity reflectively directed at ones own life. His concept of eudaimonia was so different from the ordinary that talking about it took on sometimes a paradoxical air, as in Apology 30b3. For him, reason is not a tool for attaining goals independently thought worthwhile; rather, rationality itself, expressed in the giving of reasons and the avoidance

Dissolved Oxygen Lab #1 Assignment free essay sample

Determine which of the following observations are testable. For those that are testable: †¢ Write a hypothesis and null hypothesis †¢ What would be your experimental approach? †¢ What are the dependant and independent variables? †¢ What is your control? †¢ How will you collect data? †¢ How will you present your data (charts, graphs, types)? †¢ How will you analyze your data? 1. When a plant is placed on a window sill, it grows faster than when it is placed on a coffee table in the middle of the living room. . The teller at the bank with brown hair and brown eyes is taller than the other tellers. 3. I caught four fish at seven o’ clock in the morning but didn’t catch any at noon. 4. The salaries at Smith and Company are based on the number of sales and Billy makes 3,000 dollars more than Joe. 5. When Sally eats healthy foods and exercises regularly, her blood pressure is lower than when she does not exercise and eats fatty foods. We will write a custom essay sample on Dissolved Oxygen Lab #1 Assignment or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 6. The Italian restaurant across the street closes at 9 pm but the one two blocks away closes at 10 pm. 7. Bob bought a new blue shirt with a golf club on the back for twenty dollars. 8. For the past two days the clouds have come out at 3 pm and it has started raining at 3:15 pm. 9. George did not sleep at all last night because he was up finishing his paper. 10. Ice cream melts faster on a warm summer day than on a cold winter day. 11. How can you apply scientific method to an everyday problem? Give one example.

Penetration Test plan free essay sample

A table of contents: The scope of this Penetration test will include a fully intrusive without compromise attack and penetration test on the e-commerce web-based application server and cisco core backbone network that will be during the hours of 2:00am – 6:00am on Saturday and Sunday only. There will be no compromise on the extraction of information. A compromise can be involved only with Written Client Authorization Only. We will apply a full system backup prior to attack and penetration attack in the event of system malfunction or loss of data. This is subject to change at the Clients’ discretion. Authorization letter: We at E-Commerce Emporia authorize Darren Flory, Jason Olea, and James Williams of Hackers United to administer an Intrusive attack and penetration test during the hours of 2:00am to 6:00am every Saturday and Sunday until all weaknesses and vulnerabilities are established, limited or eliminated. A full system backup will be initiated pre-test each week. Any system failure as a result of testing will be handled by E-Commerce Emporia with Hackers United assisting in the fixing of the potential problems that arose. 3. A list of client questions that you need to answer: When will this test take place? How much will this affect my production processing? Can the test avoid certain systems? How does web penetration test different from network penetration test? Should we advise the IT staff of the test. 4. A test plan scope defining what is in scope and what is out of scope and why: The scope of this project is to perform a penetration test on the web-based application server, Cisco Core Backbone Network, and post penetration test assessment. All other aspects are considered out of scope. 5. Goals objectives: To find as many known vulnerabilities that can be located in the NIST vulnerability database. A successful test will be to find and document vulnerabilities and provide solutions to correct these issues. Special care will be taken to minimize any potential problems to the network or data. 6. Test plan tasks: 1. Authentication – Confirming the person is who they say they are. a. Authentication Bypass Direct page request (forced browsing), Parameter Modification, Session ID Prediction, SQL Injection b. Poor Password Strength – Require strong passwords with special characters, run a test when the users are creating them 2. Authorization – Determining the level of access the user should have. a. Privilege Escalation – Attempt to access roles the user should not be allowed to access to verify they are not able to. b. Forceful Browsing – Don’t use automated tools for common files and directory names. 3. Session Management a. Session Hijacking – Use a packet sniffer to look for these vulnerabilities b. Session Time out too long – how easy will it be for a hacker to swoop in before the session times out. 4. Input Validation a. Cross Site Scripting – Perform security review of the code, turn off HTTP trace support b. SQL Injection adding a single quote () or a semicolon (;) to see if it reports an error c. Buffer Overflow Use a language or compiler that performs automatic bounds checking. 5. Cryptography a. Weak SSL – Use nmap scanner or Nessus scanner b. Unencrypted Sensitive Data see if the data can be read from outside the network 7. Test plan reporting: Will provide the result and finding form the NMAP, Nessus scans, Damn Vulnerable Web APP (DVWA), tcpdump, wireshark. We will include as many recommended fixes as possible with recommended adjustments to network or policy. 8. A project plan and test plan schedule: Testing will be conducted between 2:00am to 6:00am EST on Saturday and Sunday only. Testing will take approximately 1 month. An additional month can be added if needed and is subject to Clients approval. Assessment Questions Answers 1. The 5 steps of the hacking process are: a. Phase 1 Reconnaissance b. Phase 2 Scanning c. Phase 3 Gaining Access d. Phase 4 Maintaining Access e. Phase 5 Covering Tracks 2. Hire White Hat Hackers to test your system and find exploits so that you can develop a plan to protect the system. 3. Wireshark, Nmap, NESSUS 4. A hacker could use something like email to get someone to send them their username or password just by asking for it in the email acting like they are an administrator. Clean desk policies can help prevent issues with people leaving stuff on their desk. 6. He will cover their tracks by removing logs, leaving a backdoor for easier access. 7. Backdoor 8. It depends on the scope of the approved penetration test. 9. NIST Publication 800-115 10. Planning, Discovery, Attack, Reporting. 11. An internal penetration test would most closely match an attack by an organizations own employee. 12. A penetration tester should not compromise or access a system that is defined in the formal rules of engagement. 13. A penetration test from an outside company without the knowledge of the IT staff would most closely match an outside attack on the company. 14. The Network Penetration testing is designed to detect vulnerabilities specifically in the network. Web Application penetration testing is designed to detect security vulnerabilities in the programming. 15. The Security Practitioner has set rules and parameters that they must follow that are agreed on. The malicious hacker does not have these rules and will exploit any system or resource to penetrate the systems.